PWA - V

[jewel25]

Baby is keeping me up all night and she's not even hear yet.

[DGthe3]

Originally Posted by Overflow

That's a long post.

Believe it or not, I actually was trying to keep it brief.

[DenverTaco07]

sometimes brevity loses to details - I feel you.

[DenverTaco07]

For Sale: Sound Powered Phone Batteries.

1 complete set, never opened - $5000.00 or best offer.

[DGthe3]

Originally Posted by DenverTaco07

sometimes brevity loses to details - I feel you.

Oh no, brevity won. Handily. Each paragraph could have easily been as long as that entire post. And I know I would have thought up more issues the longer I went on. If I didn't restrain myself, I might have hit the character limit.

[FenwickHockey65]

There's a character limit?

[DGthe3]

Originally Posted by FenwickHockey65

There's a character limit?

I know there use to me, not 100% sure there still is. I hit it a couple times when quoting people in one of the earlier PWA threads. Spike's hit it too.

Now I'm curious as to how many characters are actually allowed.

Stand by ...

[DGthe3]

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[FenwickHockey65]

Introduction
The dairy industry has been a prevalent factor in Ohio's social and economic structure for decades. Dairy products make up the largest derivative of cash receipts for Ohio's animal agriculture industry. Ohio's dairy industry generates an estimated $4.2 billion for the state's economy and creates or maintains over 14,000 jobs. In terms of overall milk production, Ohio ranks eleventh in the nation, producing over five billion pounds of milk in 2011. An estimated 268,000 dairy cows call Ohio home, living on around 3,000 farms throughout the state. As a result of dairy's overwhelming presence in the state, numerous opportunities exist in various aspects of the industry.
Geography and Demographics
Ohio's 3,000 dairy farms are mostly located in the western and northeastern regions of the state, although farms can be found in almost every county. The vast majority of these farms are family owned and operated with an average of 86 cows per herd. Holsteins are the most prevalent breed in Ohio, followed by Jerseys. In recent years, a large number of Dutch immigrants have started dairy operations in Ohio due to the state's proximity to resources and climate .
Trends
From the late 1970s to today, the overall number of dairy farms in Ohio has steadily decreased by over 50%. Economic analysts attribute this trend to job opportunities in other sectors, rising costs of ownership and operation coupled with lower projected incomes, and an aging population. Similarly, the number of dairy cows in Ohio has also decreased 55% from over 600,000 cows in 1965 to just over 250,000 today. Combined, these two factors have led to another trend of farms consolidating as the amount of cows per farm increases. This is particularly evident in the increased number of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) recently permitted in Ohio. Despite decreases in farm numbers and overall cow population, Ohio's milk production has actually increased by around 2% per year. This is attributed to better management practices stemming from scientific research in cow comfort and health, nutrition, and genetics.
Farm Employment
The most obvious area for employment in the dairy industry is working on dairy farms themselves. Farms require a number of employees to operate. The amount of employees required typically increases with herd size. Owners will hire herdsmen to manage the cow population. Their duties usually consist of ensuring herd health through vaccinations and treating illnesses or injuries, managing the breeding program, monitoring nutrition and production, and many other activities. Farms also employ individuals to operate the milking parlor or feed animals. All employees on dairy farms must work together to produce a high quality product. They must address issues with biosecurity and adhere to standard operating procedures at all times. Farm owners often face financial challenges stemming from costs of production in relation to income received from milk and must decide which of several business models and strategies is best for their situation.
Feed and Nutrition
Feed companies are vital to the success of the dairy industry. From TMR and grain producers to supplement manufacturers, independent crop farmers and corporations contribute to Ohio's dairy production. Various employment opportunities in this sector range from crop production on local farms to working for national corporations such as Vita-Plus and Cargill. These jobs require an acute understanding of the nutritional aspect to dairy farming and how it can affect production. Feed producers must also deal with issues such as increased production costs, competing demand for resources, and factors affecting production such as climate. Large feed corporations regularly hire nutritionists to research and ensure their product will provide the benefits claimed for the animals and salespeople to market the product to farmers. This sector also employs a large number of consultants who work with farms to create nutrition programs tailored to maximize production and profit.
Herd Health
Veterinarians are heavily involved with dairy farms. Farmers call on them for advice with health problems within the herd or to perform operations and procedures that farmers are unable to do themselves. These include administering certain vaccinations or medications, correcting medical issues such as displaced abomasums, or routine pregnancy checks. A noted challenge for veterinarians working in the dairy field is the amount of travel and time required to visit farms and varying distributions of veterinarians in a given area. As a result, some large veterinary practices have taken to setting up satellite clinics in certain regions such as the Marysville Large Animal Services facility of The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center in order to provide services faster and more efficiently. The health aspect of the industry has changed dramatically over the years as today's farmers tend to gravitate towards calling in veterinarians only for emergencies or when absolutely necessary. In addition, the rising cost of education, equipment, and travel has led to many veterinarians needing to charge more for services while still attempting to remain affordable for producers.
Artificial Insemination and Breeding
The artificial insemination (AI) industry includes several global and national cooperatives and corporations. Examples include Select Sires, ABS Global, and Semex. These organizations collect and market semen to dairy producers across the globe. Several opportunities for employment exist here. First, employees are needed to manage the bulls at facilities and collect semen. Lab analysts ensure that collected semen is of sufficient quality for breeding use. Once semen is mixed with an extender and frozen, it can be shipped to dairy farms where an AI technician can breed cows in accordance with each farm's breeding protocols. As with the nutrition sector, consultants are often required to troubleshoot and correct breeding problems within the herd or create schedules and programs for farms. AI companies always face the challenge of selecting bulls that are projected to produce desirable traits in offspring. Large sums of money are invested in these bulls before any profit can be attained. Companies must also adhere to stringent international regulations when exporting semen outside the United States.
Breed Organizations
Every breed of dairy cow in the United States has their own breed organization. These organizations make an effort to promote and improve their breed and offer services to member farms. The American Jersey Cattle Association, the American Guernsey Association, and the US Ayrshire Breeder's Association are all headquartered in Ohio. As the dairy industry changes in size, structure, and location, breed organizations focus on maximizing profitability for their breeds through more efficient means of production and improved milk and component yield. Employment opportunities exist in IT work, genomics, research and development, marketing and communications, and type evaluation.
Milk Shipping and Distribution
Each dairy farm has their own schedule for when milk is picked up and hauled. Some farms store milk in large bulk tanks while larger farms will often directly load milk into trailers. Milk haulers must be proficient in operating trucks to transport milk as well as knowledgeable of all regulatory procedures. Milk is sampled before loading and trailers are sealed to prevent tampering or contamination until they reach the processing plant. At the plant, each trailer is sampled and tested for antibiotic residue and other factors. If any trace is detected, the entire load must be dumped. Milk cleared for processing is pasteurized, bottled, and shipped to distribution points. A major distributor in Ohio and nationwide is Dairy Farmers of America (DFA). Major challenges in this sector include working with farms to ensure high quality milk is produced as well as complying with government regulations on dairy products.
Dairy Marketing
Organizations exist throughout the United States to market milk and dairy products to consumers. One such organization is the American Dairy Association (ADA). Their Mideast division is headquartered in Columbus, Ohio. ADA operates the dairy checkoff program in which dairy farmers contribute a portion of their milk checks towards marketing their products. ADA then establishes partnerships with companies such as McDonald's and Domino's Pizza to increase their use of dairy products. They also help to raise awareness of the dairy industry through social media, television ads, and websites like OhioDairyFarmers.com. With these outlets, dairy marketing organizations inform the public about the dairy industry and provide them with facts to make informed decisions. As a result, communications and marketing employees are in high demand.
Manufacturing and Processing of Dairy Products
Ohio leads the nation in the production of Swiss cheese and ranks tenth in overall cheese production. The state ranks fifth in the nation for number of dairy processing plants. These processing plants must source milk from cooperatives across the nation as Ohio alone does not produce enough milk to satisfy demand. Since the mid-1980s, fluid milk consumption has steadily decreased, while the consumption of cheese products has increased. As a result, cheese manufacturers in Ohio such as Brewster Dairy have enjoyed great success. Manufacturers expect cheese consumption to continue on its upward trend and are looking to export markets for even more growth. With the quick market expansion, processing plants require a number of employees such as plant and operations managers, sanitation engineers, and machine operators. Plant managers are under pressure to meet standards set by the company as well as the government for dairy products. They must submit to and pass inspections of their products and facilities throughout the year.
Regulatory Agencies and Practices
Ohio's dairy industry is regulated extensively by the Ohio Department of Agriculture (ODA) as well as federal agencies such as the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Dairy Division of ODA is responsible for inspecting Grade A dairy farms every six months. They also inspect and license dairy processing facilities. Dairy farms must also comply with EPA regulations such as the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). In addition, farms with over 700 cows or 1000 heifers are considered Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) and require permitting from ODA's Livestock Environmental Permitting Program. All regulatory agencies are tasked with ensuring producers, processors, and manufacturers are adhering to federal and state laws in order to keep the public safe. Inspectors, lab analysts, and legislators work throughout the year to make this possible.
Path of Milk from the Farm to the Consumer
Milk is first collected at the farm. This involves a large amount of capital and labor. Costs include labor, overhead and facility expenses, feed, medical bills, and fees to AI, milk, and other cooperatives. At this level, regulations from government agencies such as ODA, USDA, and the EPA, as well as guidelines from milk marketing cooperatives must be adhered to. Farms face several challenges including financial issues, public perception and acceptance, quality control, and herd health. From the farm, milk is picked up and hauled by cooperatives to milk plants. During this process, multiple milk samples are taken to ensure the product is in compliance with federal and state regulations. Milk plants have high costs in facilities, labor, and equipment. They are frequently challenged to produce high quality products and ensure that farms are assisting in achieving that goal. They must also find markets to buy milk. Entities involved include end customers, the FDA, EPA, USDA, ODA, and member farms. When milk has been tested, pasteurized, and bottled, it is sent to markets as fluid milk or processing plants for manufacturing into dairy products. In the market sector, companies must purchase milk from distributors and pay to store and market the product. As a result, shelf life is of high concern. These organizations must also deal with the FDA and ODA to ensure the products sold to consumers are safe and of sufficient quality.
Challenges for the Future of the Dairy Industry
Future generations working in the dairy industry will face a number of challenges. The rising cost of feed due to increased corn prices and allocation of corn yield for ethanol production will present financial challenges. As most of society becomes farther removed from the farm, public perception will be a major issue. Dairy farmers will have to be transparent in their practices to show and inform the public what really goes on inside their operations. Coupled with this is the constant threat of espionage and ecoterrorism from certain activist groups. In addition, urban encroachment on land utilized for farming is already a concern in many communities. As always, increasing production to satisfy demand in an environmentally and socially responsible manner will be a key goal. Despite these challenges, Ohio's dairy industry is sure to grow and flourish in the future.









Works Cited
American Dairy Association, . "Dairy Fact Sheet." Ohio Dairy Farmers. American Dairy Association. Web. 25 Apr 2013. <http://www.ohiodairyfarmers.com/Downloads/DairyFactSheet_ADA.pdf>.
Bayer, Cherie. "Purebred Dairy Associations." Animal Sciences 2507. American Jersey Cattle Association. Ohio, Columbus. 20 Mar 2013. Lecture.
Eastridge, Maurice. "Questions Pertaining to Large Dairy Enterprises in Ohio: Community Impact ." OhioLine.osu.edu. The Ohio State University Extension. Web. 25 Apr 2013. <http://ohioline.osu.edu/as-fact/0010.html>.
Eastridge, Maurice. "Questions Pertaining to Large Dairy Enterprises in Ohio: General Information About the Dairy Industry ." OhioLine.osu.edu. The Ohio State University Extension. Web. 25 Apr 2013. <http://ohioline.osu.edu/as-fact/0012.html>.
Eastridge, Maurice. "Structure of Ohio's Dairy Industry." Animal Sciences 2507. The Ohio State University. Ohio, Columbus. 09 January 2013. Lecture.
Midla, Lowell. "Veterinary Medicine for Dairy Herds." Animal Sciences 2507. The Ohio State Universit. Ohio, Marysville. 06 Feb 2013. Lecture.
Nelson, Brad. "Sustaining Ohio's Cheese Industry." Animal Sciences 2507. Brewster Dairy. Ohio, Columbus. 06 Mar 2013. Lecture.
"Ohio Agriculture ." Stuff About States. N.p., 05 Jan 2011. Web. 25 Apr 2013. <http://www.stuffaboutstates.com/ohio/agriculture.htm>.
"SRI Report 2008." . The Ohio State University, n.d. Web. 25 Apr 2013. <http://aede.osu.edu/sites/drupal-aede.web/files/imce/SRIReport2008.pdf>.
Tedrick, Roger. "Sustaining Standards for Quality Milk." Animal Sciences 2507. Ohio Department of Agriculture Dairy Division. Ohio, Reynoldsburg. 27 Feb 2013. Lecture.

[FenwickHockey65]

That's 12,600ish.

[DGthe3]

Turns out, its 100,000 characters. Though something funky is going on with the count, each line is supposed to be an even 100 characters.
Probably doesn't count the spaces.

[DenverTaco07]

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ugh...tired.

[Nvincent4708]

tune is scheduled for next Wednesday! (16th)

[FenwickHockey65]

An incoming freshman at Ohio State just posted this on the OSU subreddit...apparently it's an email his new roommate sent upon receiving their room assignment:

Hi, I believe that you are going to be my dormmate during the whole freshman life. I am a high school student living in China and I may be arriving prior to the date the school dorm can be open to students, which is the temporary dorm opening on August 1st maybe. My major is Computer and Information Science, glad to know yours. Please revert this mail soon since I would like to make a list of dorm rules, which would most likely make sure that both of us not suffering from any big and serious disagreements or hatreds during the year. Naturally, after a whole day’s of hard-working, nicely would it be to have a comfortable and peaceful sleep for a few hours. Here, the following is part of my likes and dislikes that may act as good references:

No party in our dorm room, not a single one anytime. Having parties in other students ’rooms is quite none of my business, but in our room it is banned. The point is that it is quite noisy, untidy and unsafe. If it goes so noisy that I could not sleep, I may go crazy. When folks have party, they eat, drink and even get high, so many trash on the floor and bed may also make me go mad. It is unsafe because there may be thieves. I do not believe in fortunate and I do not believe in Police. Wish you will agree with me on this. (no bargain)
Please wear your ear phone when you are listening to music and ensure the sound can’t be heard by outside . And please do not play it during nights. I went quite angry for the noises in my high school dorm room last month-my best friend thought I would not be angry if he played music till 12 o’clock. There are some kinds of jokes that I cannot suffer. (no bargain)
Our dorm room is for only 2 people, according to the official mail, it is for just you and me. So please do not invite a friend of yours inside. I just feel quite uncomfortable with a stranger lying aside. (no bargain)
Please do not lie or step on my bed. I am pretty sensitive on someone else on my bed. I just do not like it. (no bargain)
It will be perfect if you do not snore. In fact, I wanted to live in a single room before. If you snore, I may wake you up or gently fix your physical position-they said facing to the right can avoid snoring and it is good for health.
Please do not stay outside of the dorm too late since I may lock the door and stick the key in that lock if the dorm uses keys. Waking me up makes me crazy in the most situations.
No alcohol beverage or bottles in the room, the school will check unregularly. (no bargain)
No sexual or mating rituals in our room. (no bargain)

You may come up with other interesting ideas and rules, please let me know and let’s talk about them. Rules above are not specially or intensely aim on you but on Americans. The tough tone is just to let you know that some of them are not for bargain. If you feel not cool on that, let me know it please.
Hope you can contact me soon.
Best wishes and good luck for both of us during our whole life.

I thought my freshman year roommates were bad.