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So the red part is the pressure plate.
The black part is the clutch disc.
The silver part is the flywheel.
And the part with the blue line is the throwout bearing which is part of the slave cylinder on our cars.
The flywheel and pressure plate are bolted to each other. The clutch disc is smashed between the two of them. The clutch disc is splined to the transmission input shaft, the flywheel is bolted to the crankshaft.
When the pedal is not pressed, the whole assembly spins together with the engine. When the pedal is pressed, the throwout bearing presses the fingers in the pressure plate and it works like a lever pulling the pressure plate contact surface away from the flywheel. Then you have disconnected the input shaft from the engines drive.
But. Lets say something is wrong. Maybe the distance the slave cylinder can travel isn't as much as the pressure plate needs it to be to get full release. Then you will have a partial disconnection that still has a little push getting from the flywheel to the input shaft. Then you get kinda clunky shifts at low speeds very similar to if you just didn't push the pedal all the way down. Higher speeds you wont notice because your getting a gear float effect along with the mostly disconnected clutch.
At stops you have the engine that never stops and the secondary shaft that is stopped because the output shaft is stopped. But the input shaft didn't stop, in neutral you wont notice it but when you go to put it in 1st. You're engaging a shaft that isn't turning to a shaft that has partial unwanted drive. Your sycros will do their best to make it work but you will still feel a clunky feeling of the syncro speeding up the gear for mesh.
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